《化工原理》全英教学国内外教材选择与对比调研报告
钟 理 马四朋
（华南理工大学化学与化工学院）
项目课题组从1996年开始在华南理工大学开展《化工原理》双语教学，并于2010年开始实施《化工原理》全英教学。期间从引进国外教材授课，根据国内教学及特点，参考“美国及加拿大本科化学工程专业课程与教材” ，重点参考美国及加拿大著名大学（1）美国宾夕法尼亚大学（长春藤名校之一），（2）加拿大阿伯塔大学（加拿大大学化工学科排名前5）的《化工原理》教材，根据项目负责人参与美加大学的化工类本科教学经历，对美国的宾夕法尼亚大学与加拿大阿伯塔大学《化工原理》课程与教材设置等进行了调研与分析。通过开展双语及全英授课10多年基础上，为适应我国高等教育的国情需要，2008年由我校教师等改编的教材《Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering(英文改编版)》已经出版，填补了我国在《化工原理》课程双语教学教材方面的空白。此外，我们还编写了“化工原理习题解答（全英语）”等教学参考资料，我们拟进一步编写有关学习指导书，进一步完善英文习题集及建立试题库。
本报告通过将我国《化工原理》教学的英文教材，与美国大学本科《化工原理》课程与教材对比分析，阐明各自特点，找出目前教材差异等，以便为开展全英教学教材选择提供参考。我国《化工原理》全英教材与国外同类教材教学内容等具体对比如下：
国内《化工原理》英文教材章节内容 共分12章(12 Chapters) | 美国《化工原理》英文教材章节内容 共分五大部分（5 sections），29章(29 chapters) |
Chapter 1 Fluid Flow 1 Fluid statics and its applications 2 Fluid flow phenomena 3 Basic equations of fluid flow 4 Incompressible flow in pipes and channels 5 pipe flow systems 6 metering of fluids | Section I Introduction Chapter 1 Definition and principles |
Chapter 2 Transportation of fluids 1 pipe, fittings and valves 2 pumps 3 fans blowers and compressors | Section II Fluid Mechanics Chapter 2 Fluid statics and its applications Chapter 3 Fluid flow phenomena Chapter 4 Basic equations of fluid flow Chapter 5 Incompressible flow in pipes and channels Chapter 6 Flow of compressible fluids pipe flow systems Chapter 7 Flow past immersed bodies Chapter 8 Transportation and metering of fluids Chapter 9 Agitation and mixing of liquids
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Chapter 3 Heterogeneous flow and separation 1 Flow past immersed objects 2 motion of particles through fluids 3 Settling separation of the solids from gases 4 filtration fundamentals 5 Introduction to fluidization
| Section III Heat transfer and its application Chapter 10 Heat transfer by conduction Chapter 11 Principle of heat flow in fluids Chapter 12 Heat transfer to fluids without phase changer Chapter 13 Heat transfer to fluids with phase changer Chapter 14 Radiation heat transfer\ Chapter 15 Heat exchanger equipment Chapter 16 Evaporation |
Chapter 4 Heat transfer and its application 1 Introduction 2 Heat transfer by conduction 3 Principle of heat flow in fluids 4 Heat transfer to fluids without phase changer 5 Heat transfer to fluids with phase changer 6 Radiation heat transfer\ 7 Heat exchanger equipment | Section IV Mass transfer and its application Chapter 17 Principles of diffusion and mass transfer between phases Chapter 18 Gas Absorption Chapter 19 Humidification operations Chapter 20 Equilibrium stage operation Chapter 21 Distillation Chapter 22 Introduction to multi-component distillation Chapter 23 Leaching and extraction Chapter 24 Drying of solids Chapter 25 Fixed-bed separations Chapter 26 Membrane separation processes Chapter 27 Crystallization
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Chapter 5 Evaporation 1 Summarize 2 evaporation equipment 3 single-effect evaporation 4 calculation method of single-effect evaporator 5 multiple-effect evaporators | Section V Operations involving particulate solids Chapter 28 Properties and handling of particulate solids Chapter 29 Mechanical separation
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Chapter 6 Principles of diffusion and mass transfer between phases 1 Theory of diffusion 2 Prediction of diffusivity 3 Mass-transfer theories | |
Chapter 7 Equilibrium relations and equilibrium stage operations 1 Equilibrium relations 2 Equilibrium stage operations | |
Chapter 8 Gas absorption 1 Principle of absorption 2 Calculation of tower height 3 Multi-component absorption 4 Desorption or stripping 5 Absorption from rich gases 6 Absorption in plate columns 7 Absorption with chemical reaction 8 Cocurrent flow operation | |
Chapter 9 Distillation 1 Flash distillation 2 Simple batch or differential distillation 3 Simple steam distillation 4 Continuous distillation with reflux 5 Azeotropic and extractive distillation 6 Plate efficiency
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Chapter 10 Leaching and Extraction 1 Leaching 2 Liquid extraction
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Chapter 11 Drying of process materials 1 Introduction and methods of drying 2 Properties of moist air and humidity chart 3 Principle of drying 4 Rate of drying curves 5 Calculation methods for constant rate drying period 6 Calculation methods for falling rate drying period 7 Equations for various types of dryers 8 Drying equipment
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Chapter 12 Tray and packed tower designs 1 Packed tower design 2 Plate tower design |
从上面两种英文教材对比可见，国内教材基本按中文教材的结构及内容进行编写，比较方便国内大学生学习时与中文教材对比和参考，对我国初始开展双语及全英教学是有利。而国外教材涉及内容较多，尤其是教材包括了各种化工分离技术如结晶，膜分离等，且国外教材更注重工程应用。从国外《化工原理》教学大纲看，可发现他们已在化工单元操作中溶入计算机项目。如在Michigan Tech. Univ.的课程“Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering”中有“Advanced use of Process Flowsheet Simulations Software”；在课程“Transport/Unit Operations”中有“Comsol FEM software”（一种用于求解运动和能量微分方程的软件）等计算机项目。而且计算机项目在课程成绩总评中均占有一定比例。此外，国外教材有些题目用手工计算或图解法几乎不可能，如在精馏操作中有道题目要求塔顶和塔底浓度分别是99.99% (mol) 和0.002% (mol)，如用手工绘图求理论板数将耗时巨大，但用计算机编程则很容易解决。把计算机应用渗透到各种核心课程，是一种潮流趋势，但在我国仍然比较欠缺。这些都是值得我们学习的。
在化工专业课程中开展全英语教学，目的是加快国际化进程，因此在克服语言关的同时，通过开展国内外教材对比研究，学习国际上先进的教学理念，学习先进的科技知识。开展全英语教学，还要注意不能丢弃自我，而是不断消化吸收先进的东西，并逐渐形成自己的特色。通过本调研报告，总结分析了全英教学过程中我国教材存在的不足，结合化工原理课程全英语教学，对如何克服语言障碍、提高授课质量，以及对先进理念的学习、自身特色的发掘等方面进行了探讨，并为国内其他高校开展全英教学提供参考。
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